Dynamic coordination of production planning and sales admission control in the presence of a spot market

We consider the decision‐making problem of dynamically scheduling the production of a single make‐to stock (MTS) product in connection with the product's concurrent sales in a spot market and a long‐term supply channel. The spot market is run by a business to business (B2B) online exchange, whereas the long‐term channel is established by a structured contract. The product's price in the spot market is exogenous, evolves as a continuous time Markov chain, and affects demand, which arrives sequentially as a Markov‐modulated Poisson process (MMPP). The manufacturer is obliged to fulfill demand in the long‐term channel, but is able to rein in sales in the spot market. This is a significant strategic decision for a manufacturer in entering a favorable contract. The profitability of the contract must be evaluated by optimal performance. The current problem, therefore, arises as a prerequisite to exploring contracting strategies. We reveal that the optimal strategy of coordinating production and sales is structured by the spot price dependent on the base stock and sell‐down thresholds. Moreover, we can exploit the structural properties of the optimal strategy to conceive an efficient algorithm. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

Optimal control of a production‐inventory system with both backorders and lost sales

We consider the optimal control of a production inventory‐system with a single product and two customer classes where items are produced one unit at a time. Upon arrival, customer orders can be fulfilled from existing inventory, if there is any, backordered, or rejected. The two classes are differentiated by their backorder and lost sales costs. At each decision epoch, we must determine whether or not to produce an item and if so, whether to use this item to increase inventory or to reduce backlog. At each decision epoch, we must also determine whether or not to satisfy demand from a particular class (should one arise), backorder it, or reject it. In doing so, we must balance inventory holding costs against the costs of backordering and lost sales. We formulate the problem as a Markov decision process and use it to characterize the structure of the optimal policy. We show that the optimal policy can be described by three state‐dependent thresholds: a production base‐stock level and two order‐admission levels, one for each class. The production base‐stock level determines when production takes place and how to allocate items that are produced. This base‐stock level also determines when orders from the class with the lower shortage costs (Class 2) are backordered and not fulfilled from inventory. The order‐admission levels determine when orders should be rejected. We show that the threshold levels are monotonic (either nonincreasing or nondecreasing) in the backorder level of Class 2. We also characterize analytically the sensitivity of these thresholds to the various cost parameters. Using numerical results, we compare the performance of the optimal policy against several heuristics and show that those that do not allow for the possibility of both backordering and rejecting orders can perform poorly.© 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2010     

群体性上访事件对警卫工作的影响及对策

在警卫工作中，群体性上访事件不仅威胁警卫对象、警卫目标、重要会议和重大活动的安全，而且处置不好还会损害党和国家的政治形象与国际形象。警卫工作中预防和处置群体性上访事件，首先要提高预警能力；其次要进行充分的处置准备，在具体处置时要注意运用正确的策略和方法，既要维护群众的根本利益，又要降低负面影响。     

《如何阅读一本书》在高三现代文阅读备考中的开发探索

高三现代文阅读是高三语文备考的重点和难点，常规的备考指导耗时费力，但收效微小。以2013———2015年高考全国卷小说阅读为例，从提高阅读速度、学会主动阅读两大方面开发《如何阅读一本书》相关理念和方法，以指导高三学生的现代文阅读的备考，从而培养高三学生高效阅读的习惯和良好的阅读爱好。     

指令时延对舰空导弹中末制导交班误差影响分析

从目标作直线飞行和机动飞行两种情况出发,建立相应的舰空导弹中末制导交班时的导引头指向误差模型和导弹速度矢量指向误差模型,指出了相应的误差修正方法,进行了仿真计算,并分析了计算结果.仿真结果验证了上述模型的正确性.     

基于单片机的远程光纤通信在点对点安全验证系统上的应用

现有的点对点安全验证系统都是基于电缆连接实现系统信息传输的。电缆传输信号存在传输衰减大、抗干扰能力差、在雷暴天气易发生事故等缺点。通过将基于单片机89C2051的远程光纤通信应用到现有设备来改进控制信号的传输模式，将电信号转换为光信号，在数据传输中使用传输同步码加密、数据包CRC校验、串行数据编码以及光纤连通性定时自动监测等技术，可以从物理信号传输到数据接收处理的整个过程中保证系统的安全性和可靠性；同时，通过光纤通信方案，也能节省系统构建和维护的经费。     

舰空导弹武器系统作战软件试验测试平台

由舰空导弹武器系统在试验中出现的作战软件故障,提出了加强软件可靠性评估的观点和建立舰空导弹武器系统作战软件试验测试平台的构想。给出了基于海上试验环境的作战软件试验测试平台的方案、试验方案设计、试验实施策略以及可靠性评估方法。     

地空导弹火力单元作战效能标准化问题研究

地空导弹火力单元作战效能标准化主要解决地空导弹型号的复杂性问题。标准化过程主要包括标准火力单元的选择、作战效能指标体系的建立、指标权重的计算、性能指标参数的归一、效能指数的解算和标准化系数的换算6个步骤。在运用层次分析法计算权重,采用混合计算法计算效能指数的基础上对地空导弹火力单元的作战效能进行标准化,为地空导弹火力单元作战效能的标准化提供了一种科学方法。     

不完全权重信息下地空导弹部队阵地评价与排序

给出了地空导弹部队阵地评价指标体系,在已知专家对各指标的打分结果和目标权重范围的局部信息基础下,提出一种先进行局部优化再组合赋权以求得指标的组合权重向量,并根据综合属性值对各方案进行排序的多目标决策方法,避免了获取有关地空导弹部队评价指标偏好信息的困难,最后以实例说明了本方法的应用情况.     

俄海军舰空导弹系统综合集成新方法

俄罗斯重视海上战场环境的基础研究,主张舰空导弹武器系列化发展,在舰空导弹系统研制领域,处于世界先进水平。介绍了俄罗斯单舰平台上舰空导弹装备研制的经验,举例说明了基于现有舰空导弹系统综合集成,构建单一舰艇及其编队分层对空防御体系的方法。